Level: 4

Pick the right word [DviteeyaVibhakti]

In Sanskrit, there are eight ways to use a noun. We call them “cases.” In Sanskrit, they are called विभक्ति (vibhakti). There are total 7 such cases. Each case can express many different meanings, but each has a basic meaning that is easy to remember. 

Changing the ending of the word depends on many things: 

- The case you want to use; 

- Whether the word is singular, plural, or dual; 

- Whether it is masculine, feminine, or neuter; and its natural ending.

 

The eight cases are:

 

1. Subject (“Nominative”)
2. Objective (“Accusative”)
3. Method (“Instrumental”) “by”
4. Purpose (“Dative”) “for”
5. Origin (“Ablative”) “from”
6. Possession (“Genitive”) “of”
7. Location (“Locative”) “in”
8. Evoking (“Vocative”) “hey” (The noun in vocative is in the same case as the subject, hence, cases are 7 but express 8 types of meanings).

 

Cases 2-7 show how the subject relates to the object. 

विभक्तयः	Function	Preposition
प्रथमा [nominative]	कर्ता [subject]	-
द्वितीया [accusative]	कर्मा [object]	to
तृतीया [instrumental]	करणम् [instrument]	by/with/through
चतुर्थी [dative]	सम्प्रदानम् [receiver]	to /for
पञ्चमी [ablative]	अपादानम् [point of separation]	from
षष्ठि [genitive]	सम्बन्दः [relation]	of
सप्तमी [locative]	अधिकरणम् [location]	in/on/at/among
सम्बोधन प्रथमा [vocative]	सम्बोधनम् [to address someone]	oh !

Here we are discussing in detail on Objective /Accusative Case.

 

Case 2: The Objective / Cause of Action— “Accusative” 

 

द्राविडो  वनं गच्छति|

 

Dravid goes to the forest.

 

Here the word “forest” (vana) is in the second case (accusative), as vanam, to show that it is the objective of Dravid’s movement. The forest is the motivator that causes his movement.

 

 

Some examples

 

• इन्द्रःराज्यंशास्ति-King rules over the kingdom. 
• वस्त्रसीवकःवस्त्रंसीव्यति -Tailor sewing the clothes.
• सुरेशःजयपुरम्अधिवसति –Suresh lives in Jaipur.
• रामःग्रामंगच्छति- Rama is going to the Village.
• राजमार्गम्अभितःवृक्षाःसन्ति- There are trees around the Highways.
• वयंनाटकंद्रक्ष्यामः- We will see the play.
• सन्दीपःसत्यंवदेत्- Sandeep should tell the truth.
• ग्रामंपरितःक्षेत्राणिसन्ति -There are areas around the village.

HOW TO PLAY