Changing Persons

Grammatical persons are known as पुरुषाः in Sanskrit. These influence verbs.There are three grammatical persons:

1.प्रथमपुरुषः -Third person

2.मध्यमपुरुषः- Second person

3.उत्तमपुरुषः -First person

• प्रथमपुरुषः Third person is used most of the time. The third person refers to anybody else other than the person himself/herself.

Following are some sentences using the third person:

1. Singular [एकवचनम्] - शिक्षकःपाठयति।The teacher is teaching.

2. Dual [द्विवचनम्] - शिक्षकौपाठयतः –Two teachers are teaching.

3. Plural [बहुवचनम्] - शिक्षाकाःपाठयन्ति –Many teachers are teaching.

• मध्यमपुरुषः Second person is used to refer to the person being spoken to. Only three words can be used inthe second person.

• त्वम् –You,which is singular
• युवाम् –You two,which is dual
• यूयम् –You all,which is plural

Following are some sentences using the second person:

1. Singular –त्वंकुत्रगच्छसि?-Where are you going?
2. Dual –युवांकुत्रगच्छथः? Where are you two going?
3. Plural –यूयंकुत्रगच्छथ? Where are all of you going?

• उत्तमपुरुषःFirst person is used by one to refer to himself/herself.

• अहम् –I, which is singular

• आवाम् –We,which is dual
• वयम्-We all,which is plural

Following are some sentences using the first person:

1. Singular –अहंवदामि – I am speaking.
2. Dual –आवांवदावः –We two are speaking.
3. Plural –वयंवदामः –We all are speaking.

Examples:

• त्वंक्रीडसि –अहंक्रीडामि।
• अहंखादामि –आवांखादावः।
• वयंपठामः – सःपठति।
• बालिकाःनृत्यन्ति –सानृत्यति।
• युवांलिखथः –त्वंलिखसि।

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