Tenses -present,past& future

Tenses are known as लकाराः in Sanskrit. There are a total of ten tenses in Sanskrit and they are as follows:

1. लट्-लकारः (Present tense)

2. लृट्-लकारः (अद्यतन future tense)

3. लङ्-लकारः(अद्यतन past tense)

4. लोट्-लकारः (request or order)

(लिङ्-लकारः has 2 subtypes. आशीर्लिंङ् and विधिर्लिंङ्)
5. आशीर्लिंङ् (for blessing)
6. विधिर्लिंङ् (for rituals, invitation, prayer, possibility, etc.)
  
7. लिट्-लकारः (परोक्ष past tense)

8. लुट्-लकारः (अनद्यतन future tense)

9. लुङ्-लकारः  (नअद्यतन or अनद्यतन past tense)

10. लृङ्-लकारः (combination of past and future tense with cause and effect relationship)

Out of the ten mentioned above, only five are commonly used. They are as follows:

1. लट्-लकारः (Present tense)

2. लृट्-लकारः (अद्यतन future tense)

3. लङ्-लकारः   (अद्यतन past tense)

4. लोट्-लकारः (request or order)

5. विधिर्लिंङ् (for rituals, invitation, prayer, possibility, etc.) [Potential Mood]

We will now look at the main 3 tenses in more detail. 

1. लट्लकारः   /  (Present Tense): 

लट्लकारःrepresents verb forms in the present tense (वर्तमानकाल. So, while forming a sentence that is in the present tense, the verb (क्रिया) has to be in लट्लकारः.
 

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